The following definitions are used when discussing lower urinary tract function per the International Continence Society (ICS)Standardization of Terminology in lower urinary tract (LUT) ( Drake 2018)
Urinary incontinence: "Involuntary loss of urine that is a social or hygienic problem".
Urgency Urinary Incontinence is the complaint of involuntary leakage accompanied by or immediately preceded by urgency.
Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) is referred to as involuntary urinary loss of effort or physical exertion, e.g. sporting activities or of sneezing or coughing.
Mixed Urinary Incontinence is the complaint of involuntary leakage associated with urgency and also with effort, exertion, sneezing and coughing.
Noctunral Enuresis is any involuntary loss of urine occurring during sleep.
Overactive bladder is characterised by the storage symptoms of urgency with or without urgency incontinence, usually with frequency and nocturia.
Overactive Detrusor Function is characterised by involuntary detrusor contractions during the filling phase, which may be spontaneous or provoked.
Incontinence associated with chronic retention of urine is defined as a complaint of involuntary loss of urine, which occurs in conditions where the bladder does not empty completely as indicated by a significantly high residual urine volume and/or a non-painful bladder, which remains palpable or percussive after the individual has passed urine ( Drake 2018; Rizvi & Ather 2017).
Insensible (urinary) incontinence: Complaint of urinary incontinence where the individual is unaware of how it occurred, the first sensation of being wet ( Rizvi & Ather 2017).
Coital incontinence (for women only): Complaint of involuntary loss of urine with coitus. This symptom can be further divided into that occurring with penetration or intromission and that occurring at orgasm ( Rizvi & Ather 2017).
Functional incontinence: Complaint of involuntary loss of urine that results from an inability to reach the toilet due to cognitive, functional or mobility impairments in the presence of an intact lower urinary tract system ( Rizvi & Ather 2017).
Post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) generally is used for stress urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. However, the term is also used for posttransurethral prostatectomy for benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH). Although small degrees of incidental incontinence may go virtually unnoticed, larger degrees of incontinence can have a major impact on a man’s quality of life ( Rizvi & Ather 2017).
Bladder diary: this records the times of micturitions and voided volumes, incontinence episodes, pad usage and other information such as fluid intake, the degree of urgency and the degree of incontinence.
References
Drake, M. J., Doumouchtsis, S. K., Hashim, H., & Gammie, A. (2018). Fundamentals of urodynamic practice, based on International Continence Society good urodynamic practices recommendations. Neurourology and urodynamics, 37(S6), S50–S60. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.23773
Rizvi, R. M., & Ather, M. H. (2017). Assessment of Urinary Incontinence (UI) in Adult Patients. In A. Alhasso, & H. Bekarma (Eds.), Synopsis in the Management of Urinary Incontinence. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/66953
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